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Natural Science

A comprehensive journey through the natural sciences, from the scientific method that underpins all inquiry to the fundamental laws of physics, chemistry, and biology that govern our universe. This curriculum builds scientific literacy by connecting core principles across disciplines, empowering learners to think critically about the natural world and understand how energy, matter, and life interact at every scale.

6 pillars27 courses190 concepts~320h estimated
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What you'll learn

Scientific Inquiry & Method

  • The Scientific Method(9 concepts)
    • Defining Science
    • Observation and Questioning
    • Theories vs. Laws
    • Science vs. Pseudoscience
    • Hypothesis Formation
    • Scientific Models
    • History of Scientific Thinking
    • Testing and Experimentation
    • Drawing Conclusions and Communicating Results
  • Data Analysis and Interpretation(7 concepts)
    • Data Tables and Record-Keeping
    • Mean, Median, and Mode
    • Correlation vs. Causation
    • Choosing and Creating Graphs
    • Variability and Standard Deviation
    • Evaluating Scientific Claims in Media
    • Statistical Significance
  • Experimental Design(8 concepts)
    • Independent and Dependent Variables
    • Types of Experimental Bias
    • Core Principles of Research Ethics
    • Controlled Variables and Constants
    • Reliability and Validity
    • Data Integrity and Scientific Fraud
    • Control Groups and Experimental Groups
    • Blinding and Randomization

Physics: Matter, Energy & Forces

  • Energy and Work(7 concepts)
    • Work in Physics
    • The Law of Conservation of Energy
    • Power
    • Kinetic Energy
    • Energy Transformations
    • Simple Machines and Mechanical Advantage
    • Potential Energy
  • Introduction to Modern Physics(6 concepts)
    • Special Relativity
    • Quantization of Energy
    • Radioactive Decay
    • Mass-Energy Equivalence: E = mc^2
    • Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
    • Nuclear Fission and Fusion
  • Light and Optics(7 concepts)
    • Electromagnetic Waves
    • Reflection and Mirrors
    • Evidence for Light as a Wave
    • Regions of the Spectrum
    • Refraction and Lenses
    • Evidence for Light as a Particle (Photons)
    • Color and Dispersion
  • Motion and Forces(9 concepts)
    • Speed and Velocity
    • Newton's First Law: Inertia
    • Gravity and Weight
    • Acceleration
    • Newton's Second Law: F = ma
    • Friction
    • Motion Graphs
    • Newton's Third Law: Action and Reaction
    • Free-Body Diagrams
  • Waves and Sound(8 concepts)
    • Anatomy of a Wave
    • Reflection and Refraction
    • How Sound Is Produced and Transmitted
    • Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
    • Interference and Superposition
    • Pitch, Loudness, and Timbre
    • Resonance and Standing Waves
    • The Doppler Effect
  • Thermodynamics(6 concepts)
    • Temperature vs. Heat
    • The First Law of Thermodynamics
    • Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
    • The Second Law and Entropy
    • Specific Heat Capacity
    • Heat Engines and Efficiency
  • Electricity and Magnetism(9 concepts)
    • Electric Charge
    • Voltage, Current, and Resistance
    • Magnetic Fields and Forces
    • Coulomb's Law
    • Ohm's Law
    • Electromagnetism: The Connection
    • Electric Fields
    • Series and Parallel Circuits
    • Electromagnetic Induction

Chemistry: Atoms, Bonds & Reactions

  • Introduction to Organic Chemistry(5 concepts)
    • The Uniqueness of Carbon
    • Functional Groups
    • Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
    • Biological Macromolecules
    • Structural Isomers
  • States of Matter and Solutions(6 concepts)
    • Kinetic Molecular Theory
    • Solids, Liquids, and Gases
    • How Solutions Form
    • The Gas Laws
    • Phase Transitions and Energy
    • Concentration and Molarity
  • Chemical Bonding(8 concepts)
    • Ionic Bonds
    • Lewis Dot Structures
    • London Dispersion and Dipole-Dipole Forces
    • Covalent Bonds
    • VSEPR Theory and Molecular Geometry
    • Hydrogen Bonds
    • Metallic Bonds
    • Polarity of Molecules
  • Acids, Bases, and Electrochemistry(5 concepts)
    • Defining Acids and Bases
    • Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
    • The pH Scale
    • Batteries and Electrochemical Cells
    • Neutralization Reactions
  • Chemical Reactions(8 concepts)
    • Balancing Chemical Equations
    • The Mole Concept
    • Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
    • Types of Chemical Reactions
    • Stoichiometric Calculations
    • Activation Energy
    • Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
    • Catalysts and Enzymes
  • Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table(7 concepts)
    • History of Atomic Theory
    • Energy Levels and Orbitals
    • Organization of the Periodic Table
    • Subatomic Particles
    • Valence Electrons
    • Periodic Trends
    • Isotopes and Atomic Mass

Biology: Life & Living Systems

  • Cell Biology(10 concepts)
    • Cell Theory
    • The Cell Membrane
    • Photosynthesis
    • Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
    • Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
    • Passive Transport: Diffusion and Osmosis
    • Cellular Respiration
    • Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
    • Cell Organelles and Their Functions
    • Active Transport
  • Human Body Systems(7 concepts)
    • Levels of Organization
    • Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
    • Innate Immunity
    • Homeostasis and Feedback Loops
    • Digestive System
    • Adaptive Immunity and Vaccines
    • Nervous and Endocrine Systems
  • Evolution and Biodiversity(6 concepts)
    • Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection
    • Genetic Drift and Gene Flow
    • Speciation
    • Evidence for Evolution
    • Types of Natural Selection
    • Taxonomy and Phylogenetics
  • Genetics and Heredity(8 concepts)
    • Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
    • The Structure of DNA
    • Mutations: Types and Effects
    • Genotype, Phenotype, and Punnett Squares
    • DNA Replication
    • Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
    • Beyond Simple Dominance
    • Gene Expression: Transcription and Translation
  • Ecology and Ecosystems(6 concepts)
    • Population Dynamics
    • Food Webs & Energy Flow
    • Habitat Destruction & Pollution
    • Species Interactions
    • Biogeochemical Cycles Overview
    • Biodiversity & Conservation

Earth & Space Science

  • Astronomy and Space Science(7 concepts)
    • The Sun
    • Star Properties and Classification
    • Galaxies
    • Planets of the Solar System
    • Stellar Life Cycles
    • The Big Bang and the Expanding Universe
    • Formation of the Solar System
  • Geological Processes(6 concepts)
    • Earthquakes
    • Weathering
    • The Geologic Time Scale
    • Volcanoes
    • Erosion and Deposition
    • Dating Rocks and Fossils
  • Weather and Climate(7 concepts)
    • Atmospheric Composition
    • Global Wind & Circulation Patterns
    • Evidence of Past Climate Change
    • The Greenhouse Effect
    • Clouds & Precipitation
    • Human Causes of Climate Change
    • Severe Weather
  • Earth Systems(6 concepts)
    • Earth's Layers
    • Minerals
    • The Water Cycle
    • Plate Tectonics
    • The Rock Cycle
    • The Coupled Earth Spheres

Integrated & Applied Science

  • Energy in Natural Systems(6 concepts)
    • Solar Energy Budget
    • From Chemical Energy to Life
    • Energy Sources Compared
    • Energy in Ecosystems
    • Geothermal & Nuclear Energy
    • The Science of Sustainability
  • Science and Society(6 concepts)
    • Evidence-Based Decision Making
    • Ethical Dimensions of Science and Technology
    • The Climate and Energy Challenge
    • Science Communication and Misinformation
    • Scientific Responsibility and the Public Good
    • Public Health and Scientific Literacy

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Frequently asked questions

How long does the Natural Science roadmap take?
About 320 hours of focused learning. At Mochivia's 15-minutes-a-day pace that's roughly 42 months — and going deeper on some days shortens it. The roadmap is self-paced, so there's no deadline.
What does the Natural Science roadmap cover?
27 courses across 6 areas — Scientific Inquiry & Method, Physics: Matter, Energy & Forces, Chemistry: Atoms, Bonds & Reactions, Biology: Life & Living Systems, and more — broken into 190 bite-size concepts, each taught as an interactive lesson.
Do I need prior experience to start?
No. The roadmap starts from fundamentals and builds in prerequisite order — each concept unlocks the next, so you're never thrown into material you haven't been prepared for. If you already know the basics, a placement check skips you ahead.
Is the Natural Science roadmap free?
You can sign up free and start learning immediately. Mochivia's premium subscription unlocks unlimited daily lessons and the full roadmap depth.

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