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Philosophy

A comprehensive journey through the foundations of philosophical thought and rigorous reasoning. This curriculum guides learners from basic critical thinking skills through formal logic, ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and the great philosophical traditions, culminating in the ability to construct and evaluate complex arguments, navigate ethical dilemmas, and engage meaningfully with the deepest questions about knowledge, reality, and human existence.

9 pillars31 courses204 concepts~340h estimated
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What you'll learn

Foundations of Reasoning

  • Cognitive Biases & Heuristics(11 concepts)
    • System 1 and System 2 Thinking
    • Confirmation Bias
    • Consider the Opposite
    • Availability Heuristic
    • Dunning-Kruger Effect
    • Premortem Analysis
    • Anchoring Effect
    • Hindsight Bias
    • Calibration and Epistemic Humility
    • Representativeness Heuristic
    • Sunk Cost Fallacy
  • Critical Thinking Fundamentals(13 concepts)
    • Thinking vs. Believing
    • Types of Claims
    • Premises and Conclusions
    • Deductive Reasoning
    • Intellectual Virtues
    • Evaluating Evidence
    • Standard Form Reconstruction
    • Inductive Reasoning
    • Standards of Reasoning
    • Anecdote vs. Data
    • Hidden Assumptions
    • Validity vs. Soundness
    • Abductive Reasoning

Logic & Argumentation

  • Informal Logic(6 concepts)
    • Argument by Analogy
    • Premise Acceptability
    • Inductive Generalization
    • Relevance and Sufficiency
    • Causal Reasoning
    • Enthymemes and Implicit Reasoning
  • Fallacies & Rhetoric(11 concepts)
    • Ad Hominem Fallacy
    • Begging the Question
    • Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
    • Straw Man Fallacy
    • False Dilemma
    • Propaganda Techniques
    • Appeal to Emotion
    • Slippery Slope Fallacy
    • Appeal to Authority
    • Equivocation
    • Red Herring
  • Predicate Logic & Beyond(6 concepts)
    • Predicates, Constants, and Variables
    • Quantifier Introduction and Elimination
    • Universal Quantification
    • Predicate Logic Proof Strategies
    • Existential Quantification
    • Limits of Formal Logic
  • Formal Logic: Propositional Logic(9 concepts)
    • Propositions and Truth Values
    • Truth Table Construction
    • Rules of Inference
    • Logical Connectives
    • Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingencies
    • Constructing Proofs
    • Symbolization and Translation
    • Logical Equivalence
    • Conditional and Indirect Proof

Ethics & Moral Philosophy

  • Virtue Ethics(6 concepts)
    • Eudaimonia: Human Flourishing
    • The Modern Revival: MacIntyre, Foot, and Hursthouse
    • The Doctrine of the Mean
    • The Ethics of Care
    • Practical Wisdom (Phronesis)
    • Objections to Virtue Ethics
  • Deontology & Duty-Based Ethics(6 concepts)
    • The Good Will and Duty
    • Rights and Corresponding Duties
    • The Universalizability Principle
    • Scanlon's Contractualism
    • The Humanity Principle
    • Objections to Deontological Ethics
  • Consequentialism(6 concepts)
    • The Greatest Happiness Principle
    • The Demandingness Objection
    • Mill's Qualitative Utilitarianism
    • The Justice Objection
    • Act vs. Rule Utilitarianism
    • The Integrity Objection
  • Foundations of Moral Reasoning(6 concepts)
    • Morality vs. Ethics
    • Cultural Relativism
    • Branches of Ethics
    • Moral Objectivism
    • Moral vs. Non-Moral Claims
    • Principles of Moral Reasoning
  • Applied Ethics(6 concepts)
    • Autonomy and Informed Consent
    • Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
    • End-of-Life Ethics
    • Environmental Ethics
    • Ethics of Genetic Engineering
    • Animal Ethics

Epistemology

  • Knowledge and Belief(7 concepts)
    • Justified True Belief
    • The Regress Problem
    • The Gettier Problem
    • Foundationalism
    • Types of Knowledge
    • Coherentism
    • Reliabilism
  • Skepticism and Certainty(6 concepts)
    • Ancient Skepticism: Pyrrhonism
    • The Cogito: 'I Think, Therefore I Am'
    • Descartes' Methodological Doubt
    • Moore's Common-Sense Response
    • The Brain in a Vat
    • Wittgenstein's Hinge Propositions
  • Contemporary Epistemology(6 concepts)
    • Epistemology of Testimony
    • The Problem of Induction
    • Epistemic Injustice
    • Popper's Falsificationism
    • The Epistemology of Disagreement
    • Kuhn's Scientific Revolutions

Metaphysics

  • Causation and Time(5 concepts)
    • Hume's Regularity Theory
    • A-Theory vs. B-Theory of Time
    • Counterfactual Theories of Causation
    • McTaggart's Argument
    • Laws of Nature
  • Identity and Persistence(5 concepts)
    • Psychological Continuity Theory
    • The Ship of Theseus
    • The Bodily Criterion
    • Endurantism vs. Perdurantism
    • Parfit on Identity and What Matters
  • Free Will and Determinism(6 concepts)
    • Causal Determinism
    • Compatibilist Freedom
    • Hard Determinism
    • Frankfurt Cases
    • Libertarianism About Free Will
    • Free Will, Responsibility, and Punishment
  • Ontology & Existence(5 concepts)
    • What Is Ontology?
    • Mathematical Platonism
    • Substances and Properties
    • Possible Worlds
    • The Problem of Universals

Political Philosophy

  • Justice and Rights(6 concepts)
    • Hobbes and the Leviathan
    • The Veil of Ignorance
    • Locke and Natural Rights
    • The Difference Principle
    • Rousseau and the General Will
    • Nozick's Libertarianism
  • Contemporary Political Philosophy(5 concepts)
    • Cosmopolitanism
    • The Politics of Recognition
    • Nationalism and Communitarianism
    • Structural Injustice
    • Political Philosophy in the Digital Age
  • Democracy, Freedom, and Authority(6 concepts)
    • Negative and Positive Liberty
    • Justifications for Democracy
    • Mill's Harm Principle
    • The Tyranny of the Majority
    • Paternalism and Its Limits
    • Civil Disobedience

Philosophy of Mind

  • Consciousness(7 concepts)
    • Easy Problems vs. The Hard Problem
    • Global Workspace Theory
    • The Zombie Argument
    • Integrated Information Theory
    • Mary's Room (The Knowledge Argument)
    • Panpsychism
    • Nagel's 'What Is It Like to Be a Bat?'
  • Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence(6 concepts)
    • The Turing Test
    • Moral Status of Artificial Minds
    • Searle's Chinese Room
    • The AI Alignment Problem
    • Strong AI vs. Weak AI
    • Superintelligence and Existential Risk
  • The Mind-Body Problem(6 concepts)
    • Substance Dualism
    • Mind-Brain Identity Theory
    • The Interaction Problem
    • Functionalism
    • Property Dualism
    • Eliminative Materialism

History of Philosophy

  • Contemporary Philosophy(5 concepts)
    • The Frankfurt School
    • Non-Western Philosophical Traditions
    • Foucault: Power and Knowledge
    • Experimental Philosophy
    • Derrida and Deconstruction
  • Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy(5 concepts)
    • Augustine: Faith and Reason
    • Continental Rationalism
    • Aquinas and the Five Ways
    • British Empiricism
    • Kant's Critical Philosophy
  • 19th and 20th Century Philosophy(6 concepts)
    • Hegel and the Dialectic
    • Existentialism
    • Marx: Material Conditions and Ideology
    • The Analytic Tradition
    • Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil
    • Pragmatism
  • Ancient Philosophy(10 concepts)
    • From Mythos to Logos
    • The Socratic Method
    • The Four Causes
    • Stoicism
    • Heraclitus and Parmenides: Change vs. Permanence
    • Plato's Theory of Forms
    • Aristotelian Logic
    • Epicureanism
    • Democritus and Atomism
    • The Allegory of the Cave

Advanced Critical Thinking & Synthesis

  • Interdisciplinary Philosophy(5 concepts)
    • Philosophy and Physics
    • Philosophy and Economics
    • Values in Science
    • Philosophy of Art and Aesthetics
    • Philosophy and Everyday Life
  • Philosophical Writing & Analysis(5 concepts)
    • Thesis Formulation
    • Close Philosophical Reading
    • Argument Structure in Writing
    • Argument Mapping
    • Anticipating Objections and Replies
  • Advanced Argumentation(6 concepts)
    • The Art of Steelmanning
    • Bayesian Reasoning
    • Dialectical Reasoning
    • Expected Value and Decision-Making
    • Thought Experiments in Philosophy
    • Epistemic Trespassing and Scope of Expertise

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Frequently asked questions

How long does the Philosophy roadmap take?
About 340 hours of focused learning. At Mochivia's 15-minutes-a-day pace that's roughly 45 months — and going deeper on some days shortens it. The roadmap is self-paced, so there's no deadline.
What does the Philosophy roadmap cover?
31 courses across 9 areas — Foundations of Reasoning, Logic & Argumentation, Ethics & Moral Philosophy, Epistemology, and more — broken into 204 bite-size concepts, each taught as an interactive lesson.
Do I need prior experience to start?
No. The roadmap starts from fundamentals and builds in prerequisite order — each concept unlocks the next, so you're never thrown into material you haven't been prepared for. If you already know the basics, a placement check skips you ahead.
Is the Philosophy roadmap free?
You can sign up free and start learning immediately. Mochivia's premium subscription unlocks unlimited daily lessons and the full roadmap depth.

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